Vol. 7, Issue 1, Part A (2025)

Background & Objective: The Insulin resistance (IR) and compromised with beta cell (β-cell) function are traits of diabetes type 2. It has been discovered that among the risk factors for NAFLD is type 2 diabetes (T2DM) development on its own. Compared to people without diabetes, Individuals who have type 2 diabetes have 80% more fatty livers. 
Simple steatosis to the more advanced type known as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis are all included in the spectrum of NAFLD, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Metabolic disorders like obesity, diabetes, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia are linked to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Regarding Afamin is a significant factor in people and a sign of having fatty liver or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in diabetics.
Methodology: August through October 2024, 80 diabetic patients participated in a case control study. They were split into two groups based on ultrasound diagnoses: T2D free of NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) and T2D with NAFLD. For comparison, 40 healthy controls made up a third group. Determine age the Bio-Rad D-10 HPLC analyzer (Bio-Rad Laboratories, USA) was used to detect the amount of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) in serum samples, insulin resistance, and afamin (AFM) levels using ELISA kits. The atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to measure the lipid profile (TC, TG, VLDL, LDL, and HDL). Descriptive statistics were used to examine the data using the statistical program for social sciences (SPSS).
Results: The study found significantly elevated (AFM) levels in T2D patients in comparison to NAFLD, with significant differences between T2D subgroups. This suggests that type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease may have an impact on the relationship between age, lipid profile, and afamin levels. Afamin claims that this implies that fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes may have an impact on the relationship between HbA1c levels and AFAMIN levels. The exhibits a little negative correlation with insulin resistance.
Conclusions: Elevated levels of afamin (AFM), regardless of the study suggests the existence of non-alcoholic fatty liver as a potential biomarker for T2D diagnosis substantial association between insulins and afamin (AFM) in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (T2D). In people with type 2 diabetes, NAFLD prevalence was surprisingly high. Age, lipid profile, insulin resistance, and high HbA1c have no bearing on the study. These biomarkers may aid in early diagnosis and disease monitoring for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Abbreviations: (AFM) afamin enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay for FA fatty acid, or HbA1C glycated hemoglobin PSS Statistical Package for Social Sciences IR insulin resistance picogram Diabetes mellitus type 2 (NAFLD) Fatty liver without alcohol.